Boring bit locator

ABSTRACT

A bore pipe is rotatably driven to dirve a horizontal bore below the earth&#39;&#39;s surface, and radio energy transmitted from a locator device is monitored on the ground surface by means of a radio receiver tuned to the same frequency. A boring bit locator is rigidly attached between the bore pipe and a boring bit, and carries a small battery powered transmitter. A single operator working on the surface of the ground with a single radio receiver is able to monitor the progress and location of the boring bit. The boring bit locator has a water passageway which permits a stream of water delivered through the bore pipe to flow to the boring bit for the purpose of washing cuttings back through the hole. The method of determining the position of the locator device takes advantage of the radiation pattern of the transmitter, which is so arranged as to be susceptible to being precisely measured.

United States Patent 11 1 McCullough et a1.

\ 1451 July 17, 1973 1 1 BORING BlT LOCATOR [75] Inventors: Lester E. McCullough, Glendale;

Duane A. Ladine, Northridge, both of Calif.

[73[ Assignee: The Goldak Co., Inc., Glendale,

Calif.

[22] Filed: Dec. 27, 1971 [21] App]. No.: 212,134

Related US. Application Data [60] Division of Ser. No. 52,474, July 6, 1970, and a continuation-inpart of Scr. No. 52,474, July 6, 1970.

[52] US. Cl 175/45, 325/119, 340/18 [51] Int. Cl E2lb 47/02 [58] Field of Search 175/45, 50, 24, 26; 340/18 LD, 18 NC, 224, 222; 23/151; 325/29, 1 19 [56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,492,794 12/1949 Goble et al. 325/119 X 3,651,405 3/1972 Whitney et a1. 325/113 3,506,919 4/1970 Fistell 325/105 2,425,869 8/1947 Dillon 340/18 NC 3,581,404 6/1971 Sanfead 175/45 X Primary ExaminerMarvin A. Champion Assistant ExuminerlRobert A. Hafcr Attorney-Vernon D. Beehler, Gene W. Arant et al.

I57] ABSTRACT A bore pipe is rotatably driven to drive a horizontal bore below the earth s surface, and radio energy trans mitted from a locator device is monitored on the ground surface by means of a radio receiver tuned to the same frequency. A boring bi't locator is rigidly attached between the bore pipe and a boring bit, and carries a small battery powered transmitter. A single operator working on the surface of the ground with a single radio receiver is able to monitor the progress and location of the boring bit.

The boring bit locator has a water passageway which permits a stream of water delivered through the bore pipe to flow to the boring bit for the purpose of washing cuttings back through the hole.

The method of determining the position of the locator device takes advantage of the radiation pattern of the transmitter, which is so arranged as to be susceptible to being precisely measured.

16 Claims, 21 Drawing Figures Patented July 17, 1973 3,746,106

5 Sheets-Sheet 1 Patented July 17, 1973 3 ,746,106

5 Sheets-Sheet :5

4/041 PO/A T 7G2 75 72a LIJAQ 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 Patented July 17, 1973 Patented July 17, 1973 3,746,106

' 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 4557-52 5. MC cz/aoz/e DOA/V5 4. L4D/A/E INVENTORS BORING BIT LOCATOR REFERENCE TO PRIOR APPLICATION BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION In many construction jobs it is necessary to install a gas pipe, a water line, a power cable or a telephone cable, in a tunnel of small diameter which extends horizontally below the surface of the earth. This type of construction is widely.used, for example, under streets and railroad right-of-ways. A typical tunnel diameter is a few inches, and typical tunnel depth is eight feet or less. It is desirable for various reasons to be able to guide the boring of the tunnel or hole as it takes place, or to be able to monitor the location of the boring bit, or both.

So far as we are aware no electronic device, or other type of device, has hitherto been developed which provides a satisfactory solution to this problem, as applied to small bore holes of a few inches diameter. These small bore holes are to be significantly distinguished from larger tunnels having a diameter of several feet or more, because in the drilling of larger tunnels the far greater space available inside the tunnel makes it possible to use sophisticated systems for position measurement and for guidance purposes, as well as sophisticated equipment for drilling the tunnel. However, in the drilling of a small bore hole for utility lines and the like, the available space is greatly limited by the small size of the bore hole, which imposes hitherto insurmountable limitations on the use of guidance equipment inside the bore hole.

According to our invention a battery powered radio transmitter is positioned within a boring bit locator, and the locator is rigidly attached between the boring bit and the bore pipe which drives the bit. Lest it appear that the problem was too simple to require either effort or ingenuity in its solution, it must also be pointed out that there were many practical obstacles which would appear to prevent a system of this type from being successful.

Among the apparent difficulties were (1) the available space seemed barely sufficient for transporting a self-powered transmitter; (2) continuous rotation of the bore pipe necessitated for driving the boring bit would tend to disrupt and damage the electronic system and thus make its operation unreliable; (3) the wear and tear of boring operations would tend to require frequent replacement of parts and thus render the equipment uneconomical; (4) the length of the bore pipe, if the bore pipe were a part of the transmitters antenna system, would vary the radiation pattern and hence destroy the accuracy of the system; (5) if the bore pipe were not part of the radiation system of the device, then it would appear impossible to develop sufficient energy within the available space limitation to pierce the surroundings, including metallic pipe structure, water flowing through the tunnel, and wet ground, with sufficient energy to be reliably received at the ground surface; and (6) assuming that sufficient energy could be transmitted to the surface of the ground to be reliably received, it was not known whether the radiation pattern might be distorted in an unpredictable manner, and even if the radiation pattern were not dis-.

torted it was not known whether precise position measurements could be made.

According to the present invention satisfactory solutions have been found to the various difficult problems which were presented, and the invention has now provided a reliable device for use below ground as well as a novel and efficient method for use by an operator on the surface of the ground for detecting the under ground device and determining its location.

DRAWING SUMMARY FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a boring bit l0- cator of the present invention when in use;

FIG. 2 is a top plan view of the device as it appears in FIG. 1, and shown partially in cross-section;

FIG. 3 is a bottom plan view of the device of FIG. 1, shown partially in cross-section;

FIG. 4 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view taken on the line 4-4 of FIG. 2;

FIG. 5 is a transverse cross-sectional view taken on the line 5-5 of FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 is a transverse cross-sectional view taken on the line 6-6 of FIG. 4;

FIG. 7 is a transverse cross-sectional view taken on the line 7-7 of FIG. 4;

FIG. 8 is a fragmentary cross-sectional view taken on the line 8-8 of FIG. 4;

FIG. 9 is an exploded perspective view of the boring bit locator of the present invention;

FIG. 10 illustrates schematically the radiation pattern of the device, and indicates the triangulation method used in locating its position;

FIG. 11 is a schematic circuit diagram of the transmitter electric circuit;

FIG. 12 is a plan view of a second embodiment of the invention;

FIGS. 13a and 13b together constitute a longitudinal cross-sectional view taken on the line 13-13 of FIG. 12;

FIG. 14 is a transverse cross-sectional view taken on line 14-14 of FIG. 13a;

FIG. 15 is a transverse cross-sectional view taken on line 15-15 of FIG. 13a;

FIG. 16 is a transverse cross-sectional view taken on line 16-16 of FIG. 13a,-

FIG. 17 is a transverse cross-sectional view taken on line 17-17 of FIG. 13b;

FIG. 18 is a transverse cross-sectional view taken on line 18-18 of FIG. 13b;

FIG. 19 is a transverse corss-sectional view taken on line 19-19 of FIG. 13b; and

FIG. 20 is an exploded perspective view showing all of the parts of the second embodiment of the invention.

FIRST EMBODIMENT MECHANICAL CONSTRUCTION Referring to FIGS. 1 and 10, the present invention relates to drilling a horizontal bore 10 in the earth 11 at a considerable distance below the earth s surface 12.

,The apparatus includes, generally, a bore pipe 15, a

the bore pipe 15 and passes through the boring bit locator 16 into the interior of the boring bit 17, and is then released near the forward end of the boring bit so as to loosen the cuttings and continuously wash them toward the rear of the bore hole.

The boring bit locator 16 includes as its main housing a generally cylindrical body 20, which has various openings formed therein to accommodate the accompanying parts of the apparatus. A removable battery 40 is received in one side of the housing and a transmitter 50 is received in the opposite side, and while the housing is metal both the battery and the transmitter and accompanying circuitry are completely insulated from the housing so that the housing does not form any part of the electrical circuit.

The housing 20 at its respective ends has threaded end openings for receiving the bore pipe and the boring bit 17, and these openings are preferably identical so that the boring bit locator 16 may if desired be reversed in its position relative to the bore pipe 15. However, in the present drawings a particular end of the housing 20 is connected to the bore pipe 15, and will hence be described in that relationship.

Thus, at its rearward end as best seen in FIG. 4, the housing 20 has a threaded end opening 21 for receiving the bore pipe 15. An accompanying threaded set screw hole 22 communicates with the end opening 21 at one point. At its forward end a threaded end opening 23 is provided for attachment of the boring bit 17 and a threaded set screw hole 24 communicates with the end opening 23 at one point. Both of the end openings 21, 23 are concentric to the longitudinal axis of the housing 20.

At its longitudinal center the housing 20 has two out wardly opening compartments which are located on opposite lateral sides of the housing. A battery compartment 25 is seen in FIG. 3, and also appears at the bottom of FIG. 4 and at the top of FIG. 9. A pair of recesses 26 appear on respective ends of the compartment 25, and a screw hole 27 is located in each recess 26.

A transmitter compartment 28 is seen in FIG. 2 and also appears at the top of FIG. 4. The bottom part of the transmitter compartment 28, formed deeper in the interior of housing member 20, is widened so as to provide outwardly diverging lower side wall portions 29. This configuration of the transmitter compartment is shown in FIGS. 6 and 7.

A pair of jumper wire passageways 30, 31 extend laterally through the housing 20, communicating between the bottom of the battery compartment 25 and the transmitter compartment 28. The location of these passageways is shown in FIG. 7, and it will be seen that they are spaced apart in parallel relationship and located some distance away from the longitudinal axis or radial center of the housing 20.

A water passageway 34 is also formed in the housing 20 communicating'between the end openings 21 and 23. The purpose of the water passageway 34 is to convey a stream of water from the bore pipe 15 to the boring bit 17, as previously described. As shown in FIGS. 4, 6 and 7 the passageway 34 is located near the longitudinal axis of the housing 20 but displaced slightly therefrom. The reason for the eccentric positioning of passageway 34 is that the battery compartment 25 is considerably deeper than the transmitter compartment 28, and it is desired to avoid any flow of water into either of these compartments, hence the passageway 34 is cut through the available material without communicating with either of those compartments. As best shown in FIG. 4 the diameter of the water passageway 34 is only about one-third the diameter of the end openings 21, 23, hence the water passageway may be formed after the end openings have been drilled in the housing member 20 simply by drilling an eccentrically located hole extending from the face of one of the end openings to the face of the other.

The battery 40 is of a generally rectangular configuration and is removably received in the battery compartment 25. The battery 40 at one end is equipped with a pair of snap fastener elements 41, 42 (not specif ically shown), one being a male connector and the other a female connector. A terminal block 43 is located in one end of the battery compartment, immediately adjacent to the passageways 30,31. Terminal block 43 is best seen in FIGS. 9, 7 and 8. The terminal block 43 carries a female snap fastener element 44 and a male snap fastener element 45, these fasteners being engaged by the corresponding snap fasteners on the battery 40. Jumper wires 46, 47 extend from the fasteners 44, 45, respectively, through the passages 30, 31, respectively, to the interior of the transmitter compartment 28, where they are connected to the transmitter circuit. A rubber spacer block 48 is located in the other end of battery compartment 40, away from the terminal block 43, so that battery 40 is continuously urged toward the terminal block. I

A rubber gasket 37 (see FIG. 9) has a generally rectangular configuration and is adapted to fit around the battery compartment 25. A battery cover 38 fits over the gasket 37 and is held in place by a pair of captive screws 39 which engage the screw holes 27 (see FIG. 4). The purpose of gasket 37 is to prevent water from entering the battery compartment.

As shown in FIG. 8 the terminal block 43 is held firmly fastened to the housing 20 by means of a pair of screws 49. Thus the battery 40 may be conveniently removed by detaching it from the snap fasteners, and may then be replaced by another like battery and the internal wiring remains fixed.

The transmitter circuit 50 is contained inside the transmitter compartment 28, and its electrical circuit is shown schematically in FIG. 11. In FIG. 11 it will be seen that the jumper wires 46, 47 provide the input terminals for the transmitter circuit. A coil 51 schematically represents the antenna portion of the transmitter circuit.

As best seen in FIG. 4 the antenna includes an elongated ferrite rod 52 on which the coil 51 is wound. The ferrite rod 52 occupies the upper portion of the transmitter compartment 28 and extends a substantial part of the length of the housing 20, in parallel relationship with the longitudinal axis of the housing. The various other elements of the antenna of the circuit 50 include transistors, resistors, capacitors, and a semi-conductor diode, which are arranged in a conventional manner to constitute an antenna circuit, and which need not be described here in detail. Suffice to say that all of these elements are physically mounted on a circuit board 55 and interconnected by means of interconnections printed on the circuit board. The circuit board 55 is of about the same size and configuration as the ferrite rod 52 so that these two items may be placed in parallel relationship but spaced from each other and thus substantially fill the transmitter compartment 28. (See FIG. 6.) The electrical connections between the circuit board 55 and the antenna are shown in FIG. 11, but their precise mechanical form is not shown in the other drawing figures.

The transmitter compartment 28 is filled with an electrical insulating type of sealing material, generally referred to as potting compound and identified by the numeral 57. A rubber sheet 58 is first placed on the flat bottom of the transmitter compartment 28 (see FIG. 6), to protect the soldered connections on circuit board 55 from being shorted by the metal body 20. Electrical connections are made from the antenna coil 51 to the circuit board, and spacers are used to hold the antenna coil in a fixed position relative to the circuit board, hence the transmitter as a whole constitutes a module which is inserted into the compartment on top of the sheet 58. The jumper wires 46, 47 are then soldered to the board (see FIG. 7). Then the potting compound is poured into the compartment so as to fully cover the antenna. It will be noted in FIG. 4 that the ends of the ferrite rod 52 are spaced well away from and hence thoroughly insulated from the end walls of the transmitter compartment 28.

The housing is formedfrom a solid piece of nonmagnetic material, and while a rigid plastic material may be used it is preferred to make the housing of aluminum and anodize the surfaces. A cylindrical sleeve 60 fits over the outer surface of housing 20 to protect the housing against wear. Sleeve 60 is preferably, made of hardened steel. The sleeve 60 has one window 61 which leaves the transmitter compartment and the potting compound 57 thereof fully exposed to the outside, and another window which leaves battery cover 38 exposed. End caps 67 and 68 are attached to respective ends of the housing 20, and the sleeve 60 is retained in place between the end caps. As best seen in FIG. 9 the ends of the housing are cut down at 35, 36 so as to receive the end caps thereon.

A pipe adapter 15a is inserted in the pipe opening 21 and is secured by a set screw 65 passing through the set screw hole 22. End cap 67 is threaded over the pipe adapter 15a and makes a sliding fit over the end cap recess 36 of housing 20, thus concealing the set screw 65 (see FIG. 4). The other end of the pipe adapter 15a is then screwed into the bore pipe 15, thus firmly connecting the boring bit locator to the bore pipe.

In similar manner a pipe adapter 17a is screwed into the boring bit opening 23 and is secured by a set screw 66 inserted through the set screw hole 24. End cap 68 is screwed over the pipe adapter 17a and makes a sliding fit over the recess 35 so as to cover the set screw 66. The other end of pipe adapter 17a is screwed into the rearward end of the boring bit 17, thus firmly fastening the boring bit 17 to the boring bit locator 16. In this interconnected relationship of the boring bit locator, as best seen in FIG. 4, there is a rigid connection between the boring bit locator and the bore pipe and also between the boring locator and the boring bit. Furthermore, there is a continuous communication be tween the internal water passageway of the bore pipe l5, adapter 15a, water passageway 34 of the locator 16,

water passageway of adapter 17a, and water passageway of the boring bit 17.

Since the potting compound 57 is exposed to the earth material during boring operations, it is subject to mechanical wear, and after long experimentation it has been found advisable to incorporate silicon carbide particles 57a which are impregnated within the potting compound 57. Grit size number .30 is preferred. The transmission of radio frequency energy through the window is not impaired, and the mechanical structure is rugged and has a long useful life.

The battery cover 38 is preferably made of hardened steel.

MECHANICAL OPERATION The present invention is typically used in installing a utility line under a street or under a railroad right-ofway. The use of water flowing through the boring bit is generally necessary in order to continuously flush the cuttings out of the bore hole. The bore is generally started from a deep hole or pit on one side of the streeetor right-of-way, and directed toward a deep pit on the other side. Guidance of some kind is necessary in order to insure that the remote end of the bore hole will arrive at the correct location. Guidance is also required in order to avoid having the boring bit out into existing utility lines or other known obstacles.

During the boring operation the revolving speed of the bore pipe is usually about 20 RPM. Mechanical wear is a significant factor in the operation of the device, and both the sleeve 60 and the battery cover 38 may be replaced from time to time without the need for replacing or otherwise disturbing the more expensive interior portions of the device.

ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT The electrical circuit as shown in FIG. 11 includes a relaxation oscillator, a continuous. wave oscillator and an antenna, the continuous wave oscillator being periodically cut off by the operation of the relaxation oscillator.

More specifically, diode CR1 connected to the input terminal 46 is utilized to prevent connection of the battery in the wrong polarity. Capacitor C5 on the load side of the diode acts as a filter for the battery, and improves the circuit operation when the battery is getting old and its internal resistance increases. Input terminal 47 receives energy at 9 volts from the battery.

The unijunction transistor Q4 is the relaxation oscillator device, and is timed by the series combination of R5 and C4 which charge through the series combination of transistors Q2 and Q3. Resistor R6 acts as a bias resistor for the unijunction transistor Q4. The frequency of the relaxation oscillator is about 450 CPS, but may be 600 CPS and the operation is equally satisfactory.

When transistor Q3 is conductive there is a flow of power to the continuous wave oscillatorQl, and its associated circuit then oscillates at a frequency of about I00 Kc. Resistor R1 connected between base and collector is the bias resistor for 01; the output energy from O1 is supplied from its emitter to one connection point on the antenna coil L; and feedback energy from another connection point on the antenna coil L is coupled through acapacitor C2 to the base ofQl. Capacitor Cl is coupled in parallel with the full length of antenna coil L, and the values of these two elements are such as to provide the oscillating frequency of approximately Kc.

When transistor Q3 is cut off the oscillator Ql does not receive its necessary supply of energy, and hence the oscillation ceases. The turning on and off of O3 is not accomplished with an absolutely sharp wave enve- 7 lope, but rather the ends of the envelope are somewhat rounded, and this provides a perfectly satisfactory result in the ultimate operation of the apparatus. It is significant that O3 is turned off for a much longer period of time than it is turned on, with the result that the battery drain for operating the oscillator O1 is greatly reduced. The time interval when O3 is turned off is typically two or three times as great as the time interval for which it is turned on.

In the relaxation oscillator circuit resistor R3 provides a bias load for the transistors Q2, Q3. Resistor R4, connected to the ground return line of the circuit is also connected to the base of Q2, and operates in conjunction with capacitor C4 to determine the period of time for which Q3 is turned off.

In the electrical circuit typical values of the circuit elements are as follows:

The connection points on the oscillator coil L are chosen so that there are 40 turns between the emitter of Q1 and the collector of Q3; 86 turns between the emitter of Q1 and the feedback connection of capacitor of C2; and 166 turns in the remaining part of the coil.

ELECTRIC-AL OPERATION v The antenna coil is not located in the exact center of the boring bit locator l6, hence as the bore pipe rotates there is a measurable rotation in the stronger side of the radiation pattern of the device. The resulting modulation of the signal received at ground surface is useful as an indication that the rotating drive is successfully being imparted to the boring bit, and at the sametime does not interfere with the electrical operation of the system otherwise.

The electrical circuit is fully insulated from the metal body 20, and hence from both the bore pipe and the boring bit. The bore pipe,'therefore, does not form any part of the antenna system of the device. The antenna system is provided entirely by the inductance coil L (transmitter coil 51) in conjunction with the ferrite rod 52 and the other illustrated portions of the electrical circuit.

The body 20 being made of aluminum has a magnetic permeability of one, the same as the earth and water surroundings of the device. The steel sleeve 60 and battery cover 38 do have some effect upon the radiation pattern, but this is determined in advance before the device is placed underground. The radiation pattern being measured above ground constitutes a calibration of the device. In the drawings the radiation pattern is indicated by broken lines 75.

For purpose of depth measurement a receiver 70 having an antenna 70a is utilized to receive the transmitted signal. Antenna 70a is tuned to the. transmitter frequency, and its tuning is adjustable in case there is some change in the loading on the transmitter which alters its frequency somewhat. The antenna 70a is similar in construction to the antenna 51, 52 of the transmitter, including an elongated ferrite rod upon which an elongated helical coil is wound. While in the drawings a second receiver 72 having antenna 72a is also shown, it is not necessary to use two different receivers,

but a single receiver may be used and simply placed successively in alternate positions.

The method of measuring the depth of the device is to place the receiver ahead of the device, with the longitudinal axis of the antenna coil of the receiver being aligned parallel with the longitudinal axis of the antenna coil of the transmitter. The receiver is then moved longitudinally relative to the transmitter until a null point is reached. Then the receiver is placed to the rear of the transmitter and the procedure repeated. The horizontal distance between the two null points is then measured. A chart which was previously made based on the radiation characteristic of the device then indicates the depth of the device below the surface of the ground. i

While a particular type of receiver is shown, any other type of receiver with directional antenna may be used, with the antenna being aligned in a manner equivalent to that illustrated herein.

The primary significance of transmitter window 61 is that, if the window were not provided, the sleeve 60 would constitute an excessive load on the antenna system, thus making it either difficult or impossible to transmit sufficient energy to the receiver.

The electrical circuit is so designed that with a significant drop in battery voltage, from the original 9 volts down to even -2 or 3 volts, there is no significant change in the transmitted frequency. Therefore, the radiation pattern is not significantly altered, and the depth calibration derived'from the original radiation pattern 'remains accurate.

' SECOND EMBODIMENT 7 Reference is now made to FIGS. 12 to 20, inclusive, illustrating a =second embodiment of the invention.

Except for locating the battery 40 in a different physical position, the electrical circuit of the second embodiment is exactly the same as for the first embodiment. The electrical operation of the second embodiment is identical to that of the first embodiment.

A bore pipe is identified as 15b, a boring bit as 17b, and a boring bit locator is coupled between them. Boring bit 17b, though not shown in detail, is a screw type cutting bit which simply cuts a hole and moves the cuttings to the side without removing them from the hole. The cuttings are compacted sufficiently to permit the boring bit, boring bit locator, and bore pipe to pass through the hole. The cutting operation is entirely dry,

and does not use circulating water.

Boring bit locator 100 includes a long, hexagonal, steel bar 101 having a cylindrical front end opening 102 and a cut away portion 103 in its upper longitudinal center for providing the transmitter compartment 28. At the rearward end of bar 101 there is a transverse latch hole 105 (FIG. 16) housing a latch nut 106, a latch spring 107, and a latch plunger 108.

At the rearward end of hexagonal bar 101 is a' neoprene spacer element 112 (FIG. 20) which is also hexagonal and which in its unstretched condition has a somewhat larger diameter than the bar 101. Abutting the spacer 112 is another hexagonal spacer element 114 made from a phenolic plastic material. Battery terminal block 43 abuts against the spacer element 114.

A hollow housing has its interior cut to a hexagonal configuration such as to fit over the bar 103, but housing 120 is somewhat shorter than the bar 103. In the assembled condition as shown in FIG. 12 the forward end of housing 120 is coterminous with the forward end of bar 103, while the rearward end of housing 120 terminates rearwardly of the transmitter compartment 28 but forwardly of the latch hole 105. Housing 120 has a window 121 (like window 61 of the first embodiment) which fits over the transmitter compartment 28.

As best seen in FIG. 13a, the transmitter compartment 28 contains a rubber gasket 58 on the bottom, then the circuit board 55, then spaced above circuit board 55 the ferrite rod antenna 52. The circuit board and the antenna are surrounded by potting compound 57.

A housing 125 is adapted to have, its forward end received over the rearward end of the hexagonal bar 101, and its forward end has a latch hole 126 which is engaged by latch plunger 108 in the assembled condition of the boring bit locator 100 (see FIGS. 12 and 16). A short hexagonal bar 128 is received within the rearward end of housing 125 (FIG. 13b). Spacer block 48 is positioned on the front end of hexagonal bar l28, and battery 40 is longitudinally disposed within the housing 125 and retained between battery terminal block 43 and battery spacer block 48.

The spacers 112, 114, and 43 are held on the rearward end of hexagonal bar 101 by means of fastening bolts 115 (FIGS.- 13b and 17). A passageway 110 is formed through the spacers 43, 114, and 112, and longitudinally through the rearward portion of hexagonal bar 101, to provide communication between battery compartment 25 and transmitter compartment 28. Jumper wires 46, 47 attached to terminal block 43 extends through the passageway 110 and provide input energy for the transmitter circuit.

An adapter 130 couples the forward end of boring bit locator 100 to the boring bit 17b. Adapter 130 includes a hexagonal front end portion 131 which is received within and latched to the boring bit 17b, by means of a latch finger 132 which it carries. At its longitudinal center portion 133 the adapter 130 is enlarged to nearly the diameter of the boring bit 17b as well as housing 120, 125. The rearward end portion 134 of the adapter is cylindrical, and is received within the front end opening 102 of hexagonal bar 101.

In the assembled condition of the device (FIG. 13a) weld material 136 is utilized to fasten adapter 130 securely .to the hexagonal bar 101, and also to securely fasten the forward end of housing 120 to the hexagonal bar.

An adapter 140 couples the rearward end of boring bit locator 100 to the bore pipe b (FIG. 13b). Adapter 1140 (FIG. has a hollow rearward housing portion 141 which fits over a hexagonal forward end of the bore pipe 15b, and this hollow end portion of the adapter includes a latch hole 142 which receives and is latched by a latch finger that is carried on the forward end of the bore pipe. At about its longitudinal center the adapter 140 includes a solid cylindrical portion 143 (FIGS. 1311). Its forward end is a small cylindrical portion which fits into a central opening 129 formed in the hexagonal bar 128.

In the assembled condition of the device, as best seen in FIG. 13b, weld material 146 is utilized to fasten the adapter 140 to the hexagonal bar 128. At the same time it secures the relative positions of housing 125 and hexagonal bar 128 so that their rearward ends are coterminous.

It is therefore possible to disconnect the rearward adapter 140 from the bore pipe 151;. The rearward portion of the boring bit locator 100, including housing and hexagonal bar 128, will, however, remain fastened to the adapter. It is also possible to disconnect the forward adapter from the boring bit 17b, however, it will remain connected to the forward portion of the boring bit locator. The usage of these adapters makes it possible to connect different sizes of boring bits to different sizes of bore pipe, and also make it possible to replace a worn or damaged boring bit.

The latch plunger 108 which engages latch hole 126 of housing 125 makes it possible to open the battery compartment 25 whenever it is necessary to replace the battery 40. After the battery is replaced with a new one the two sections of the boring bit locator are then reconnected in the same relative positions as before.

As in the first embodiment, the radiation pattern is the same on both sides of the boring bit locator, but is stronger on the side adjoining the window 121. When making a depth measurement it is preferred to stop the rotation of the bore pipe, because the null point in the radiation pattern can then be determined without the necessity of adjusting the gain control on the receiver. This aspect of the operation is the same as in the first embodiment of the invention.

The invention has been described in considerable detail in order to comply with the patent laws by providing a full public disclosure of at least one of its forms. However, such detailed description is not intended in any way to limit the broad features or principles of the invention, or the scope of patent monopoly to be granted.

What is claimed in support of Letters Patent is:

1. A boring bit locator comprising:

a generally cylindrical body having one end opening adapted for attachment of a bore pipe and another end opening adapted for attachment of a boring bit, a laterally opening compartment adapted to receive a radio transmitter, and another oppositely disposed laterally opening compartment adapted to receive a battery;

a radio transmitter disposed within said transmitter compartment and permanently embedded in electrical insulating sealing material;

said transmitter compartment having an otherwise open window closed by said sealing material;

a battery removably disposed within said battery compartment;

battery terminal means mounted within said battery compartment, and electrically connected to said radio transmitter through laterally extending passageway means;

and a removable cover closing said battery compartment;

said transmitter being completely insulated from said body whereby neither said body, the bore pipe, or the boring bit forms a part of the transmitter antenna system.

2. A boring bit locator as claimed in claim 1 wherein said body also has formed therein a water passageway extending longitudinally between said end openings but not communicating with said transmitter compartment or said battery compartment or said laterally extending passageway means.

3. A boring bit locator as claimed in claim 2 wherein each of said end openings is threaded and is located axially of said body, said battery compartment is deeper than said transmitter compartment, and wherein said water passageway is located eccentrically of said body longitudinal axis on the side thereof toward said transmitter compartment.

4. A boring bit locator as claimed in claim 1 wherein said transmitter compartment is elongated in a direction lengthwise of said body, said transmitter includes a ferrite rod antenna, the ferrite rod extending lengthwise of said transmitter compartment and the antenna winding being wound transversely about the ferrite rod.

5. A boring bit locator as claimed in claim 4 wherein other portions of the transmitter circuit are positioned in the relatively deep part of said transmitter compartment and said antenna is positioned in the upper part of said compartment and covered by a relatively thin layer of said sealing material.

6. A boring bit locator as claimed in claim 4 wherein said body also has formed therein a water passageway extending longitudinally between said end openings but not communicating with said transmitter compartment or said battery compartment or said laterally extending passageway means.

7. A boring bit locator as claimed in claim 6 wherein other portions of the transmitter circuit are positioned in the relatively deep part of said transmitter compartment and said antenna is positioned in the upper part of said compartment and covered by a relatively thin layer of said sealing material.

8. A boring bit locator as claimed in claim 6 wherein each of said end openings is threaded and is located axially of said body, said batterycompartment is deeper than said transmitter compartment, and wherein said water passageway is located eccentrically of said body longitudinal axis on the side thereof toward said transmitter compartment.

9. A boring bit locator as claimed in claim l which further includes a cylindrical sleeve placed removably about said body, said sleeve having one window for said transmitter compartment and another window for said battery cover;

' said sleeve being made of hardened steel;

and a pair of end caps removably attached to respective ends of said body and retaining said sleeve therebetween.

10. The device of claim 1 wherein said transmitter includes an antenna coil, -a continuous wave oscillator circuit drivingly coupled to said antenna coil, and a switching circuit for periodically energizing said oscillator circuit.

11. A boring bit locator comprising:

a generally cylindrical body having one end adapted for attachment of a bore pipe and another end adapted for attachment of a boring bit, said body having formed therein a laterally opening compartment adapted to receive a radio transmitter, and another compartment formed therein adapted to receive a battery;

a radio transmitter disposed within said transmitter compartment and permanently embedded in electrical insulating sealing material, said transmitter compartment having an otherwise open window closed by said sealing material;

and a battery removably disposed within said battery compartment, having associated circuit means connected to said transmitter for energizing the same;

said transmitter being completely insulated from said body whereby neither said body, the bore pipe, or the boring bit forms a part of the transmitter a'n tenna system.

12. A boring bit locator as claimed in claim 11 wherein said transmitter compartment is elongated in a direction lengthwise of said body, said transmitter includes a ferrite rod antenna, the ferrite rod extending lengthwise of said transmitter compartment and the antenna winding being wound transversely about the ferrite rod.

13. A boring bit locator as claimed in claim 12 wherein other portions of the transmitter circuit are positioned in the relatively deep part of said transmitter compartment and said antenna is positioned in the upper part of said compartment and covered by a relatively thin layer of said sealing material.

14. The device of claim 11 wherein said transmitter includes an antenna coil, a continuous wave oscillator circuit drivingly coupled to said antenna coil, and a switching circuit for periodically energizing said oscillator circuit.

15. A boring bit locator as claimed in claim 14 wherein said transmitter compartment is elongated in a direction lengthwise of said body, said transmitter coil includes a ferrite rod antenna, the ferrite rod extending lengthwise of said transmitter compartment and the antenna winding being wound transversely about the ferrite rod.

16. A boring bit locator as claimed in claim 11 wherein said cylindrical body is made of metal and said insulating material filling said window is impregnated with silicon carbide particles. 

1. A boring bit locator comprising: a generally cylindrical body having one end opening adapted for attachment of a bore pipe and another end opening adapted for attachment of a boring bit, a laterally opening compartment adapted to receive a radio transmitter, and another oppositely disposed laterally opening compartment adapted to receive a battery; a radio transmitter disposed within said transmitter compartment and permanently embedded in electrical insulating sealing material; said transmitter compartment having an otherwise open window closed by said sealing material; a battery removably disposed within said battery compartment; battery terminal means mounted within said battery compartment, and electrically connected to said radio transmitter through laterally extending passageway means; and a removable cover closing said battery compartment; said transmitter being completely insulated from said body whereby neither said body, the bore pipe, or the boring bit forms a part of the transmitter antenna system.
 2. A boring bit locator as claimed in claim 1 wherein said body also has formed therein a water passageway extending longitudinally between said end openings but not communicating with said transmitter compartment or said battery compartment or said laterally extending passageway means.
 3. A boring bit locator as claimed in claim 2 wherein each of said end openings is threaded and is located axially of said body, said battery compartment is deeper than said transmitter compartment, and wherein said water passageway is located eccentrically of said body longitudinal axis on the side thereof toward said transmitter compartment.
 4. A boring bit locator as claimed in claim 1 wherein said transmitter compartment is elongated in a direction lengthwise of said body, said transmitter includes a ferrite rod antenna, the ferrite rod extending lengthwise of said transmitter compartment and the antenna winding being wound transversely about the ferrite rod.
 5. A boring bit locator as claimed in claim 4 wherein other portions of the transmitter circuit are positioned in the relatively deep part of said transmitter compartment and said antenna is positioned in the upper part of said compartment and covered by a relatively thin layer of said sealing material.
 6. A boring bit locator as claimed in claim 4 wherein said body also has formed therein a water passageway extending longitudinally between said end openings but not communicating with said transmitter compartment or said battery compartment or said laterally extending passageway means.
 7. A boring bit locator as claimed in claim 6 wherein other portions of the transmitter circuit are positioned in the relatively deep part of said transmitter compartment and said antenna is positioned in the upper part of said compartment and covered by a relatively thin layer of said sealing material.
 8. A boring bit locator as claimed in claim 6 wherein each of said end openings is threaded and is located axially of said body, said battery compartment is deeper than said transmitter compartment, and wherein said water passageway is located eccentrically of said body longitudinal axis on the side thereof toward said transmitter compartment.
 9. A boring bit locator as claimed in claim 1 which further includes a cylindrical sleeve placed removably about said body, said sleeve having one window for said transmitter compartment and another window for said battery cover; said sleeve being made of hardened steel; and a pair of end caps removably attached to respective ends of said body and retaining said sleeve therebetween.
 10. The device of claim 1 wherein said transmitter includes an antenna coil, a continuous wave oscillator circuit drivingly coupled to said antenna coil, and a switching circuit for periodically energizing said oscillator circuit.
 11. A boring bit locator comprising: a generally cylindrical body having one end adapted for attachment of a bore pipe and another end adapted for attachment of a boring bit, said body having formed therein a laterally opening compartment adapted to receive a radio transmitter, and another compartment formed therein adapted to receive a battery; a radio transmitter disposed within said transmitter compartment and permanently embedded in electrical insulating sealing material, said transmitter compartment having an otherwise open window closed by said sealing material; and a battery removably disposed within said battery compartment, having associated circuit means connected to said transmitter for energizing the same; said transmitter being completely insulated from said body whereby neither said body, the bore pipe, or the boring bit forms a part of the transmitter antenna system.
 12. A boring bit locator as claimed in claim 11 wherein said transmitter compartment is elongated in a direction lengthwise of said body, said transmitter includes a ferrite rod antenna, the ferrite rod extending lengthwise of said transmitter compartment and the antenna winding being wound transversely about the ferrite rod.
 13. A boring bit locator as claimed in claim 12 wherein other portions of the transmitter circuit are positioned in the relatively deep part of said transmitter compartment and said antenna is positioned in the upper part of said compartment and covered by a relatively thin layer of said sealing material.
 14. The device of claim 11 wherein said transmitter includes an antenna coil, a continuous wave oscillator circuit drivingly coupled to said antenna coil, and a switching circuit for periodically energizing said oscillator circuit.
 15. A boring bit locator as claimed in claim 14 wherein said transmitter compartment is elongated in a direction lengthwise of said body, said transmitter coil incluDes a ferrite rod antenna, the ferrite rod extending lengthwise of said transmitter compartment and the antenna winding being wound transversely about the ferrite rod.
 16. A boring bit locator as claimed in claim 11 wherein said cylindrical body is made of metal and said insulating material filling said window is impregnated with silicon carbide particles. 